The EU is known for having one of the world’s best animal welfare rules and standards. The EU law prohibits animal testing for finished cosmetic products. Since 2009, it has been illegal to market any cosmetic products in the EU that contain ingredients that have been tested on animals. The European Parliament called for more funding into alternative testing methods from the past month. Also, it urged the EU to accelerate the transition to a research system that does not use animals.

The criticism received by the European Commission’s decision to impose the mandate of USB-C use in all devices has contributed to certain false rumours and misinformation. This article cover the essential points and the benefit that this measure will have for the environment and consumers. 

With the starting of the Law courses, we know how complicated it is sometimes for the  European Union Law students to understand the functioning of the EU Institutions, for this reason we have prepared a small introduction to the 7 Institutions of this unique economic and political association in the world.

No one of us could imagine that in 2021 a terrorist group could take over an entirely Country. Still, on the 16th of August, the Taliban, a militant group that ran the country in the late 1990s but finally expelled by the U.S. in 2001, took control of Afghanistan and swept into Kabul after the government collapsed and the embattled president joined an exodus of his fellow citizens and foreigners.
Afghans and all the citizens who lived there were desperate to flee from an uncertain future, fearing their lives and rights.
They fear revenge attacks by the Taliban against those who worked with the U.S. or the government or from the reimpose of the harsh rules and law that they relied on when they ran Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001.

Since the arrival of Covid-19 extreme measures, that limited our fundamental right to freedom of movement, from lockdown to the stoppage of all activities, have been taken. Nevertheless, with the starting Covid-19 vaccination campaign in all the countries, we saw the light at the end of the tunnel.

However, again we are witnesses of  serious limitations imposed by the Member States. Until recently, nobody has imagined that they could prohibit us from entering certain places for refusing to be vaccinated against covid 19 or not being totally vaccinated yet.

his historical case law made difficulties and rules for Member States to justify a restriction on free movement of goods under Article 36 of the TFEU. Now, a Member State that prohibits the marketing of a foodstuff containing additives has the burden of proving that the additive does not meet the risk and real need standard.

This case law also applied the principle of proportionality to give a response in the Judgement.

Imagine that all women were banned from a full-time employment as an armed member of a police force and from training in the handling of firearms.
The same thing happened in United Kingdom in one of the most relevant judgments of EU law.
While men could carry firearms in the normal performance of their duties, women could not.
In this historical case law concerned the principle of equal treatment between men and women, the European Court of Justice found that the principles, on which the European Convention for the protection of Human Rights, must be taken into consideration in Community law. The ECJ also found that “all persons have the right to obtain an effective remedy in a competent Court against measures which they consider to be contrary to the principle of equal treatment for men and women” and that it was “for the Member States to ensure effective judicial control as regards compliance with the applicable provisions of Community law and of national legislation intended to give effect to the rights for which the directive provides.

In this historical case law, regarding the prohibited  rules on competition, the European Court of Justice clarified that Member States were under the obligation not to introduce or maintain in force measures which may render ineffective competition rules applicable to undertakings by creating new infringements, reinforcing infringements or by delegating authority.